Part A

Directions :

Read the following four .texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.

Text 1

Revolutionary innovation is now occurring in all scientific and technological fields. This wave of unprecedented change is driven primarily by advances in information technology ,but it is much larger in scope. We are not dealing simply with an Information Revolution but with a Technology Revolution.

To anticipate developments in this field ,the George Washington University Forecast of Emer-ging Technologies was launched at the start of the 1990s. We have now completed four rounds of N our Delphi survey - in 1990,1992,1994,and 1996 - giving us a wealth of data and experience .We now can offer a reasonably clear picture of what can be expected to happen in technology over the next three decades.

Time horizons play a crucial role in forecasting technology. Forecasts of the next five to ten years are often so predictable that they fall into the realm of market research ,while those more than 30 0r 40 years away are mostly speculation. This leaves a lO-t0 20-year window in which to make useful forecasts.lt is this time frame. that our Forecast addresses.

The Forecast uses diverse methods ,including environmental scanning ,trend analysis ,Delphi surveys ,and model building. Environmental scanning is used to identify emerging technologies.Trend analysis guides the selection of the most important technologies for further study ,and a modi-fied Delphi survey is used to obtain forecasts. Instead of using the traditional Delphi method of pro-viding respondents with immediate feedback and requesting additional estimates in order to arrive at a consensus ,we conduct another survey after an additional time period of about two years.

Finally ,the results are portrayed in time periods to build models of unfolding technological change. By using multiple methods instead of relying on a single approach ,the Forecast can produce more reliable ,useful estimates.

For our latest survey conducted in 1996,we selected 85 emerging technologies representing the most crucial advances that can be foreseen. We then submitted the list of technologies to our panel of futurists for their judgments as to when(or if) each technological development would enter the mainstream ,the probability that it would happen ,and the estimated size of the economic market for it .ln short ,we sought a forecast as to when each emerging technology will have actually "e-merged. "

41. What we are faced with at present can be best described as a revolution in

[ A] information.

[ B ] advanced method.

[ C] science.

[ D] technology.

根據(jù)短文，回答{TSE}題 Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in the educational obstacles prior to the Phi)programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students．Equally，our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought to facilitate。rather than hinder，their arrival and their entry into our work force．How could this be done7There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital(which will“create jobs”)are allowed to immigrate：A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-unemployment area，which creates jobs for at least ten Americans。is automatically given immigrant status(i．e．，a green card)．We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital．Currently．graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their PhDs must be sponsored by their employers，a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers．The standard procedure is in two stages．First，the US Department of Labor must，on the basis of a US employer’s sponsorship，certify that“no American can do this job”．Then，the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service(INS)．If all goes right，the entire process takes about two vears(considerably more for citizens of certain countries)．But things may not go right：there could be Droblems at either stage．Thus，the employer or the“alien”must hire an immigration lawyer．The current process，then，is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer(and hence，it unfairly Denalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent)．The Immigration and Naturalization Act of l990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status．Essentially，it eliminates the average processing time to about one year,but it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel．We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Phi)in the science and engineering programs at our universities．In adopting such a“guaranteed green card”proposal，we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital．{TS}Prior to this text，the author has most probably made an analysis of___________．[A]brain gain in the United States[B]the cause of problems of the black people[C]the US educational programs for blacks[D]the procedure of foreign students’immigration

根據(jù)短文，回答1~5題Revolutionary innovation is now occurring in all scientific and technological fields．This wave of unprecedented change is driven primarily by advances in information technology。but it is much larger in scope．We are not dealing simply with an Information Revolution but with a Technology Revolution． To anticipate developments in this field，the George Washington University Forecast of Emerging Technologies was launched at the start of the l990s．We have now completed four rounds of our Delphi survey—in l990，1992，1994，and l996一giving us a wealth of data and experience．We now can offer a reasonably clear picture of what can be expected to happen in technology over the next three decades． Time horizons play a crucial role in forecasting technology．Forecasts of the next five to ten years are often so predictable that they fall into the realm of market research。while those more than 30 0r 40 years away are mostly speculation．This leaves a l0一to 20一year window in which to make useful forecasts．It is this time frame that our Forecast addresses． The Forecast uses diverse methods，including environmental scanning，trend analysis，Delphi surveys， and model building．Environmental scanning is used to identify emerging technologies．Trend analysis guides the selection of the most important technologies for further study，and a modified Delphi survey is used to obtain forecasts．Instead of using the traditional Delphi method of providing respondents with immediate feed— back and requesting additional estimates in order to arrive at a consensus．we conduct another survey after an additional time period of about two years． Fimlly，the resuIts are portrayed in time periods to build models of unfolding technological change．By using multiple methods instead of relying on a single approach，the Forecast can produce more reliable，useful estimates． For our latest survey conducted in l996，we selected 85 emerging technologies representing the most crucial advances that can be foreseen We then submitted the list of technologies to our panel of futurists for their judgments as to when(or if) each technological development would enter the mainstream， the probability that it would happen，and the estimated size of the economic market for it．In short，we sought a forecast as to when each emerging technology will have actually“emerged”． What we are faced with at present can be best described as a revolution in__________． [A]information[B]advanced method[C]science[D]technology

A.intend

B.rrange

C.obtain

A.obtain

B.take

C.find

D.make

he educational obstacles prior to the Ph. D. programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students. Equally, our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought to facilitate, rather than hinder, their arrival and their entry into our work force. How could this be done？

There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital (which will "create jobs") are allowed to immigrate: A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-unemployment area, which creates jobs for at least ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i.e., a green card). We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital.

Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their Ph. D. s must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers.

The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the U. S. Department of Labor must, on the basis of a U. S. employer's sponsorship, certify that "no American can do this job." Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). If all goes right, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go right: there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the "alien" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer (and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent).

The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel.

We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Ph. D. in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a "guaranteed green card" proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital.

Prior to this text, the author has most probably made an analysis of ______.

A．brain gain in the United States.

B．the cause of problems of the black people.

C．the U. S educational programs for blacks.

D．the procedure of foreign students' immigration.

A.obtain

B.keep

C.hire

D.stay

A.receive

B.benefit

C.obtain

D.draw

A.retain

B.sustain

C.maintain

D.obtain

聽(tīng)力原文：M: Hello. I need to talk with someone about my driver's license,

W: Yes. How may I help you？ Do you have a driver's license, or do you need to get one？

M: Well, I'm not sure. You see, I have an international driver's license.

W: Uhuh. And how long will you be staying in the United States？

M: Probably four years, until I finish my degree.

W: Oh. Then you will need to get an Arizona driver's license.

M: Do I have to take a driver's test to do that？

W: Yes, you do. You need to come in and take a written exam and an eye exam, and then you need to take a road test with a parallel parking test. Did you say that you are a student？

M: Yes, I'm a student at the university. I don't have ID with me, but I can go and get it.

W: Okay. Then you can apply for a limited license. Just come back and show your student ID, and you can make an application for a five-year license.

M: Great. That's what I want. So I don't have to take the driver's test then.

W: Oh, yes, you do. But the license only costs you ten dollars. A regular license would cost you a lot more than that, but it is valid for more than five years.

M: Why can't I just use my international driver's license？

W: You could if you were just visiting for less than a year. But as a student, you will be temporarily residing in our state.

M: Okay. So that's why my friend can use his international license. He is a tourist.

W: Right.

(23)

A．He wants to obtain an international driver's license that he can use both in the U.S. and in his country.

B．He wants to take a driver's test to get an Arizona driver's license.

C．He wants to know whether he can use his international driver's license in Arizona.

D．He wants to fill out an application for an Arizona driver's license.