A.制定，規(guī)劃，構(gòu)想

B.明確表達，系統(tǒng)闡述

C.革命的

D.強烈地

Which of the following statements in NOT true according to the second paragraph？______.

A．Many books have been written on the topic of mathematical, modeling these years

B．Books devoted to mathematical modeling usually pay special attention to modeling formulation

C．The book introduced here does not claim that it had the best methods for teaching how to deal with real problems

D．The book introduced here takes the mastery of model formulation as its main purpose

What is the purpose of the last paragraph？

A．To show concerns for the feasibility of the fishing limits.

B．To worry about the future of commercial and recreational fishers.

C．To show the difficulties of the formulation of fishing limits.

D．To make criticisms for the fishing limit policy.

e concentrated on determining the effects of strategy training on different kinds of tasks and learners. Findings from these studies generally indicated that strategy training is effective in improving the performance of students on wide range of reading comprehension and(1)______ problem-solving tasks. One of the more important outcome of these(2)______ psychological studies was the formulation of learning strategies in an information-processing theoretical model. This model contains an executive, or metacognitive, function in addition with an operative, or cognitive-(3)______ processing, function. Metacognitive strategies involve in thinking about the(4)______ learning process, planning for learning, monitoring of comprehension or production while it is taken place,(5)______ or self-evaluation after the learning activity has been completed.(6)______ Cognitive strategies are more directly related to individual learning tasks and entail directly manipulation or transformation of the learning(7)______ materials. A third type of learning strategy identifying in the literature on(8)______ cognitive psychology concern the influence of social and affective processes(9)______ on learning. Examples of social/affective strategies are cooperative learning, where involves peer interaction to achieve a common goal in learning, and(10)______ asking questions for clarification. Research in metacognitive and cognitive learning strategies suggests that transfer of strategy training to new tasks can be maximized by pairing metacognitive strategies with appropriate cognitive strategies.

(1)

at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine: a mouth wash that makes cigarettes taste bad. It could be on the market within a year.

The anti-smoking rinse itself tastes rather pleasant. But if you light up within 6 to 8 hours of smoking it, your cigarette will taste like burnt rubber and you won't smoke past the first puff, explains Dr. Sebastian Ciancio, director of the Center for Dental Studies at the University of Buffalo.

Ciancio is heading up a pilot study in which 10 smokers, each of whom normally smoke at least a pack of cigarettes a day, are rinsing their mouths three times daily with the anti-smoking solution. Another 10 are getting a placebo. Prior to this study, only the inventor had tested the anti-smoking rinse—a chemist who does not wish to be identified—and a few of his friends, who say it enabled them to quit smoking.

And Ciancio has no shortage of volunteers: The waiting list to participate in the study is already full. "People arc desperate," he says. If the pilot study is successful, it will be expanded.

Not only might the patented formulation deter smoking, Ciancio adds, but it also appears to reduce plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis. Manufacturing the rinse, he estimates, would cost approximately the same as conventional mouthwashes.

How many smokers are participating in the pilot study now？

A．10.

B．21.

C．over

D．20

？Read the article below about the relationship between trade and development

？Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D.

？For each Question 21-30, mark one letter (A, By C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

There is no question that the relationship between trade and development is one of the central policy issue we face today. We live in a world where 50% of humanity lives on less than $2 a day. We live in a world (21) by massive inequality between nations. It is estimated that about 2 billion extra souls will share our crowded planet within the next 30 years. However, we face a world of incredible (22) and challenges. Trade and trade policy must play their roles as a part of a wider development scenario. And WTO' s efforts to push forward this (23) must be strengthened and coordinated at all levels; national, regional, and (24) .

1980s has witnessed the petroleum impact, debts crisis, prices slump, economic (25) in industrial countries and the climax of new policy for trade protection as well. However, in recent years, foreign trade in those developing countries has been back to the right (26) of remarkable increase, an indispensable force in leading the global economic growth and trade development. The foreign- (27) trade policy of the developing countries further indicate that they are (28) entering the WTO family on a larger scale than ever before, which helps to protect their interests in WTO and take part in the formulation of new rules and (29) of WTO. Since 1990s, many developing countries, especially those East Asian and Latin American countries, have become an important force in the global economic (30) . The fact that their economic capacity is gaining more and more strength leads to a more important role-playing in the WTO system.

(21)

A．completely

B．controlled

C．characterized

D．conquered

？Read the article below about the relationship between trade and development.

？Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D.

？For each question (21-30), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

There is no doubt that the relationship 'between trade and development is one of the central policy issue we face today. We live in a world where 50% of humanity lives on less than $ 2 a day . We live in a world (21) by massive inequality between nations. It is estimated that about 2 billion extra souls will share our crowded planet within the next 30 years. However, we face a world of incredible (22) and challenges. Trade and trade policy must play their roles as a part of a wider development scenario. And WTO's efforts to push forward this (23) must be strengthened and coordinated at all levels, national, regional, and (24) .

1980s has witnessed the petroleum impact, debts crisis, prices slump, economic (25) in industrial countries and the climax of new policy for trade protection as well. However, in recent years, foreign trade in those developing countries has been back to the right (26) of remarkable increase, an indispensable force in leading the global economic growth and trade development. The foreign (27) trade policy of the developing countries further indicate that they are (28) entering the WTO family on a larger scale than ever before, which helps to protect their interests in WTO and take part in the formulation of new rules and (29) of WTO. Since 1990s, many developing countries, especially those East Asian and Latin American countries, have become an important force in the global economic (30) The fact that their economic capacity is gaining more and more strength leads to a more important role-playing in the WTO system.

(21)

A．completely

B．controlled

C．characterized

D．conquered

capacity of a person depends on a variety of factors, including personal characteristics and social arrangements. A full accounting of individual freedom must, of course, go beyond the capacities of personal living and pay attention to the person's other objectives (e.g. social goals not directly related to one's own life), but human capacities constitute an important part of individual freedom.

Freedom, of course, is not an unproblematic concept. For example, if we do not have the courage to choose to live in a particular way, even though we could live that way if we so choose, can it be said that we do have the freedom to live that way, i.e. the correspondent capacity？ It is not any purpose here to brush under the carpet difficult questions of this-and-other-type. In so far as there are genuine ambiguities in the concept of freedom, that should be reflected in corresponding ambiguities in the characterization of capacity. This relates to a methodological point, which I have tried to defend elsewhere, that if an underlying idea has an essential ambiguity, a precise formulation of that idea must try to capture that ambiguity rather than hide or eliminate it.

Comparisons of freedom raise interesting issues of evaluation. The claim is sometimes made that freedom must be valued independently of the values and preferences of the person whose freedom is being assessed, since it concerns the "range" of choice a person has--not how she values the elements in that range or what she chooses from it. I do not believe for an instant that this claim is sustainable (despite some superficial plausibility), but had it been correct, it would have been a rather momentous conclusion, driving a wedge between the evaluation of achievements and that of freedom. It would, in particular, be then possible to assess the freedom of a person independently of--or prior to--the assessment of the alternatives between which the person can choose.

It is said in the passage that there are ambiguities in the characterization of capacity because ______.

A．freedom and capacity of human beings are closely related to each other

B．capacity is an underlying idea of the problematic concept of freedom

C．human capacity depends on personal characteristics and social arrangements

D．we could never actually get the correspondent capacity in reality

its conservation. There are limits to the amount of waste that can be absorbed by the oceans. Already, fish catches in the Baltic and the Caspian seas have decreased by 90% during the past forty years. An International Convention on the Dumping of Wastes at Sea was signed by ninety states in 1972 to restrict dumping toxic wastes beyond the continental shelves. It is not yet ratified, and even when it is, who will police it？ With the increasing of exploration and mining at sea, in all probability, the amount of waste will do.

Urgent research into the ecological balances of sea life and how they are affected by pollution is needed. As scientific knowledge stands now, we do not know how much damage the oceans can endure.

The oceans contain enormous resources of energy, food, and raw materials. Judiciously exploited, these resources can make a significant difference to man's survival and the quality of his life in an overpopulated world. Some operational framework for safeguarding the interests of all nations must clearly be formulated to prevent those nations, who possess the technology and can afford the research and exploitation, from obtaining the wealth for themselves.

To try to institute a system of government for the oceans is fraught with obvious difficulties. Failure to come to an agreement would undermine confidence in the viability of international action to bring about peaceful political and economic relations in other spheres. On the other hand, if agreement at a future conference could be realized only by abandoning the principle of internationalism embodied in the concept of the oceans as the common heritage of mankind, this would be the greater failure.

Internationalism in this context need not aim at supernational administration and safekeeping of the oceans; what is needed, rather, is the formulation and acceptance of guidelines to ensure that the oceans benefit the greatest number of nations. This would require nations with immediate economic and political stakes in the oceans and the power to enforce their self-interest to hold off that very power and to weigh se]f-interest against the long-term interest of the concert of nations.

One of the most pressing problems regarding the sea is its conservation because of ______.

A．the high percent decrease of fish catches during the past forty years

B．ever-increasing amount of waste dumping into the sea

C．invalidness of an international law

D．Both A and B

e, but men do feel now and then that their position is in question, their security is somewhat fragile. I believe they are right, for they sense a set of forces that lie deeper and are more powerful than the day-to-day negotiation and renegotiation of advantage among husbands and wives, fathers and children, or bosses and those who work for them. Men are troubled by this new situation.

The conditions we live in are different from those of any prior civilization, and they give less support to men's claims of superiority than perhaps any other historical era. When these conditions weaken that support, men can rely only on previous tradition, or their attempts to socialize their children, to shore up their faltering advantages. Such rhetoric is not likely to be successful against the new objective conditions and the claims of aggrieved women. Thus, men are correct when they feel they are losing some of their privileges, even if many continue to laugh at the women's liberation movement.

The new conditions can be listed concretely, but I shall also give you a theoretical formulation of the process. Concretely, because of the increased use of various mechanical gadgets and devices, fewer tasks require much strength. As to those that still require strength, most men cannot do them either. Women can now do more household tasks that men once felt only they could do, and still more tasks are done by repair specialists called in to do them. With the development of modern warfare, there are few, if any, important combat activities that only men can do. Women are much better educated than before.

With each passing year, psychological and sociological research reduces the areas in which men are reported to excel over women and discloses far more overlap in talents, so that even when males still seem to have an advantage, it is but a slight one. It is also becoming more widely understood that the posts in government and business are not best filled by the stereotypical aggressive male but by people, male or female, who are sensitive to others' needs, adept in obtaining cooperation, and skilled in social relations. Finally, in one sphere after another, the number of women who try. to achieve rises, and so does the number who succeed.

It can be inferred that' the main source of men's resistance to women's liberation is the feeling that ______.

A．women are now better educated

B．women can now hold executive positions

C．men are no longer indispensable

D．men are no longer superior